The Importance of Sex-Based Comparisons in Preclinical Nanomedicine and Regenerative Chronic Wound Therapies

Abstract

It is increasingly recognized that immune responses, plasma proteomes, and various biosystem reactions to advanced therapeutics, such as nanomedicine and regenerative medicine, differ by gender. While sex is a crucial factor influencing the safety and efficacy of these therapies, there is a notable lack of robust consideration of sex differences in both preclinical and clinical studies. This Perspective examines the current literature on the role of sex in nanomedicine and biomaterial-based products for preclinical chronic wound healing. While there is a growing trend of using both male and female animal models, most studies lack direct, side-by-side comparisons of sex-specific outcomes. Spe..